The Ultimate Guide to Data Erasure Standards in 2025

What is Data Erasure?

Data erasure is the process of securely and permanently removing data from a storage device so that it cannot be recovered by any means. 

It involves the use of software to overwrite every bit of the device’s storage with new data, often random patterns or zeros. This process makes the original information unreadable, even if you use advanced forensic tools for data recovery.

People often confuse data erasure with other incomplete data sanitization methods. However, these methods aren’t proven to render the data on storage devices unrecoverable:

• Data Deletion
• Reformating
• Data Wiping
• File Shredding

Why is Data Erasure Important?

Here’s why data erasure is important (specifically in the IT industry):

• Operational Efficiency & Resource Optimization: Proper data sanitization enables companies to redeploy, resell, or recycle IT assets reliably. This reduces unnecessary hardware replacements, lowers costs, and simplifies logistics, especially in remote or distributed environments.

• Data Security & Breach Prevention: The entire purpose of data erasure is to render the storage device unrecoverable to threat agents. This protects organizations from potential data breaches.

• Regulatory Compliance: Data protection laws and standards (such as GDPR, HIPAA, and NIST) often require data to be irreversibly destroyed when devices are decommissioned, resold, or reused. And secure erasure helps you comply with these laws and standards.

• Environmental Sustainability: Data erasure, unlike physical destruction, does not render the device useless. This reduces electronic waste and supports circular business models.

What Are Data Erasure Standards (and Why They Matter)

Data erasure standards are guidelines that define how to securely and consistently wipe data from storage media. 

In the IT world, these standards are a big deal. They dictate things like:

• How many passes of overwriting to do
• What patterns of data to use (zeros, ones, random bits, etc.)
• Whether to use device-specific commands
• How to verify the erasure

Data Erasure standards matter for several key reasons, including:

• Effectiveness: Standards are usually developed by expert agencies that’ve tested the method against data recovery techniques. Therefore, following a proven standard ensures that the data erasure method actually works and there are no loopholes.

• Consistency: When you follow the same standards for similar types of devices across your organization, you can expect consistent results. 

• Compliance and Audits: Several data protection laws require you to effectively sanitize data for compliance. If you follow a data erasure standard that is widely accepted in the industry, you can present the relevant reports during audits and remain compliant.

• Evolving Technologies: The technology behind storage devices keeps changing (HDDs, SSDs, NVMe, cloud storage, etc.). This means older erasure methods may not be suitable today.

Data erasure standards take these technological advancements into account and adapt to these changes to ensure effectiveness.

Now that you know the importance of data erasure standards, let’s learn about some of the most relevant data standards in the IT industry (for IT asset disposal or ITAD).

What are Some Common Methods of Data Erasure?

Some data-wiping methods have become the industry standard for their reliability and effectiveness. Here are the most trusted techniques:

Overwriting

This method involves replacing existing data with random patterns to make it irrecoverable. Overwriting can be used for both HDDs and SSDs. And it’s generally of two types:

• Single-pass overwriting: In this method, the data is replaced with zeros, ones, or random patterns, just once. While efficient, single-pass overwriting may not be effective for highly sensitive information.

• Multi-pass overwriting: This involves replacing the data with random patterns, multiple times, even up to 35, as per the Gutmann method. Multi-pass overwriting is more time-consuming but offers a higher level of security.

While multi-pass overwrite looks more promising, several Reddit users believe it’s an overkill and one pass is good enough:

Source: Reddit

Degaussing (Magnetic erasure)

Degaussing involves the use of a powerful magnetic field to impact the drive’s magnetic structure and delete all data. While this method is fast and effective for erasing magnetic storage devices, degaussing renders the device unusable.

Also, because SSDs and flash devices store data electrically, not magnetically, degaussing has no effect and may just damage the drive.

Cryptographic Erasure

This method permanently deletes encryption keys for encrypted data. Once the key is deleted, there’s no way you can recover the encrypted data. Cryptographic erasure is fast, scalable, and ideal for SSDs and cloud environments.

Physical Destruction

This one’s pretty self-explanatory. It involves physically (permanently) damaging the storage device, using methods like shredding or incineration.

Several users on Reddit find physical destruction as an effective method of data erasure for SSDs:

Source: Reddit

While extremely effective, physical destruction renders the device useless, which is not environmentally sustainable.

Key Data Erasure Standards in 2025

Here are some data erasure standards relevant to the IT industry:

*Overwrite passes is the number of times the data on the drive is overwritten during data erasure. The more the overwrite passes, the more difficult it becomes to recover the data.

Choosing the Right Standard Based on Asset Type and Risk

Here’s a table to help you choose the most secure data erasure standard or method based on the device type and data sensitivity:

Workwize’s Role in Enforcing Data Erasure Workflows

Workwize is a global IT hardware management solution that automates your entire IT asset management lifecycle from procurement to safe recovery and certified data erasure.

With Workwize, you can automatically:

• Compare and manage multiple vendors.
• Procure (buy or rent) IT equipment or furniture
• Deploy them globally in a ready-to-use state
• Manage IT assets remotely via MDM
• Retrieve and securely wipe assets (with certification)
• Dispose of end-of-life devices

Because Workwize lets you manage your assets from procurement to disposal and securely wipe data, you don’t have to outsource data erasure to a different tool. End-to-end asset management and certified data erasure within the same tool.

Want to see how Workwize handles data erasure and simplifies asset management? Book a free demo now.

FAQs

What are the recommended tools or software for secure data wiping?

Here are some of the best tools for secure data erasure:

• Blancco Drive Eraser
• WhiteCanyon WipeDrive
• DBAN (Darik's Boot and Nuke)
• KillDisk
• Ontrack Eraser

How can we be sure that a drive is completely erased and nothing is recoverable?

The best way is to use tools that include a verification step and provide an erasure certificate.

Should I ever opt for physical destruction instead of just erasing the data?

In general, data erasure is sufficient for nearly all corporate needs and has the advantage of allowing you to reuse or resell the device safely.

However, you can consider physical destruction in a few scenarios: 

• The drive is defective or password-locked (you cannot perform a wipe)
• You have data so sensitive that policy or regulations mandate destruction (some government-classified data falls here)
• You want to add an extra layer on top of wiping for peace of mind. (wipe and then destroy)

Why does overwriting not always work for SSDs and flash devices?

Most modern SSDs use wear leveling and over‑provisioning. This means the logical “overwrite” command may not target the same physical memory cells that held the original data. The old data can remain in unallocated or remapped blocks—not removed by overwrite commands.

What documentation is required to prove compliant data erasure during an audit?

NIST SP 800‑88 Rev 1 (section 4.8 and Appendix G) outlines what a proper certificate of sanitization or erasure report should include:

• Manufacturer
• Model
• Serial Number
• Organizationally Assigned Media or Property Number
• Media Type
• Media Source
• And more

How should I select the right erasure standard for cloud or virtualized environments?

For cloud or virtual environments, audits and standards expect compliance with NIST SP 800‑88 (or equivalent). That means you should validate that your cloud provider:

• Sanitizes virtual block storage following Clear, Purge, or Destroy
• Supports rapid de‑provisioning of virtual disks, not just deletion of metadata
• Offers crypto‑erase or key zeroization on encrypted volumes when VMs are terminated ⁠